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Abdolrazzagh-Nezhad, Majid, Kabirirad, Saeideh, Ghaderi, Mahnaz. (1402). A Generalized Spread Spectrum-Based Audio Watermarking Method with Adaptive Synchronization. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی دانشگاه اصفهان, 10(2), 31-44. doi: 10.22108/jcs.2023.136820.1121
Majid Abdolrazzagh-Nezhad; Saeideh Kabirirad; Mahnaz Ghaderi. "A Generalized Spread Spectrum-Based Audio Watermarking Method with Adaptive Synchronization". سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی دانشگاه اصفهان, 10, 2, 1402, 31-44. doi: 10.22108/jcs.2023.136820.1121
Abdolrazzagh-Nezhad, Majid, Kabirirad, Saeideh, Ghaderi, Mahnaz. (1402). 'A Generalized Spread Spectrum-Based Audio Watermarking Method with Adaptive Synchronization', سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی دانشگاه اصفهان, 10(2), pp. 31-44. doi: 10.22108/jcs.2023.136820.1121
Abdolrazzagh-Nezhad, Majid, Kabirirad, Saeideh, Ghaderi, Mahnaz. A Generalized Spread Spectrum-Based Audio Watermarking Method with Adaptive Synchronization. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی دانشگاه اصفهان, 1402; 10(2): 31-44. doi: 10.22108/jcs.2023.136820.1121

A Generalized Spread Spectrum-Based Audio Watermarking Method with Adaptive Synchronization

Journal of Computing and Security
مقاله 4، دوره 10، شماره 2، مهر 2023، صفحه 31-44    اصل مقاله (1.14 M)
نوع مقاله: Research Article
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22108/jcs.2023.136820.1121
نویسندگان
Majid Abdolrazzagh-Nezhad* 1؛ Saeideh Kabirirad2؛ Mahnaz Ghaderi3
1Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bozorgmehr University of Qaenat, Qaen, Iran.
2Department of Computer Science, Birjand University of Technology, Birjand, Iran.
3Department of Computer Engineering, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran.
چکیده
In this paper, a new audio watermarking scheme is proposed that addresses the synchronization problem using an adaptive filter. To spread the watermark energy across the spectrum of the host audio signal, the scheme uses Hamming coding, convolutional encoding, and generalized PN sequence generation and for watermark recovery, the scheme utilizes Viterbi decoding. Also, the watermark cannot be detected either statistically or perceptually. To increase the watermark embedding capacity, the watermark is embedded in certain areas of the host signal, which increases the masking threshold. By using a high masking threshold, the adaptive watermark insertion, blind detection, robustness, and capacity of watermarking are enhanced in comparison to similar methods. Finally, experimental results show that in addition to guaranteeing an error bit rate (BER) of almost 0 for non- and minor-attack conditions, the BER is substantially improved in the case of low-pass filtering at a cutoff frequency as low as 3.2 KHz.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Watermarking؛ Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum؛ Hamming Coding؛ Convolutional Encoding؛ Viterbi Decoding؛ Psychoacoustic Auditory Model؛ Adaptive Filtering؛ Synchronization
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